South America in 1890

By the end of the 19th Century, the 13 countries and territories that cover South America today were all established. Their borders, however, were not. Whether in the high Andes or deep into the Amazonian rainforest, little demarcation had occurred and countries were claiming sovereignty over large areas that they did not fully control. Those matters would only get settled by the mid 20th century, after several armed conflicts and international arbitrations. To this day, three major territorial disputes remain on the continent: between Ecuador and Peru, between Guyana and Venezuela, and between Bolivia and Chile. Argentina also claims the British territory of the Falkland Islands, which it calls Islas Malvinas. More on South America at quickworld.com